Make Ammonium Nitrate from Household Chemicals

Fireworks season is coming up, so before I get into the new fireworks projects, I wanted to cover the synthesis of a common chemical used for pyrotechnics: ammonium nitrate. Another fun project to try with ammonium nitrate is to make an endothermic reaction. You can buy ammonium nitrate as a pure chemical or you can collect it from instant cold packs or some fertilizers. You can make ammonium nitrate by reacting nitric acid with ammonia, but if you dont have access to nitric acid (or dont want to mess with it), you can make ammonium nitrate from readily available home chemicals. Gather Materials You will need: 138 g sodium bisulfate (found with pool chemicals, used to lower pH)1 mole equivalent of a nitrate salt... any of the following85 g sodium nitrate (common food preservative)101 g potassium nitrate (which you can buy or make yourself)118 g calcium nitrate (tetrahydrate)ammonia (common household cleaner)methanol (optional, which may be found as HEET fuel treatment) Ingredients Dissolve the sodium bisulfate in the mininum amount of water (about 300 ml).Dissolve your nitrate salt in the minimum amount of water (amount depends on the salt).Mix the two solutions.Next you want to neutralize the solution, which is quite acidic. Stir in ammonia until the pH of the mixture is 7 or higher. Use a pH meter (or pH paper). Reacting ammonia, sodium bisulfate, and nitrates will give you sodium sulfate and ammonium nitrate.Sodium sulfate and ammonium nitrate have different solubilities in water, so boil the solution to get the sodium sulfate to crystallize. Remove the liquid from heat when crystals of sodium sulfate form in the bottom of the pan.Chill the solution in the freezer to get as much of the sodium sulfate as possible to drop out of the solution.Run the solution through a filter (coffee filter or paper towels) to separate the solid sodium sulfate from the ammonium nitrate solution.Allow the ammonium nitrate solution to evaporate, which will give you ammonium nitr ate, with some sodium sulfate impurity. This is good enough for most chemistry projects.If you want to further purify the ammonium nitrate, dissolve it in about 500 ml of methanol. The ammonium nitrate is soluble in methanol, while the sodium sulfate is not.Run the solution through a filter, which will give you sodium sulfate on the filter and a solution of ammonium nitrate.Allow the methanol to evaporate from the solution to obtain crystalline ammonium nitrate. Safety Information The chemicals used in this project are smelly and corrosive, so this project should be performed under a fume hood or outdoors. As always, wear gloves, eye protection, and appropriate clothing. Some of the reagents and the final product are flammable or are oxidizers, so keep the chemicals away from open flames.

John Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men - 1312 Words

Death is inevitable to every person. However, death arrives to people at different stages of their lives. People may bring death upon themselves because of their actions, or an animal may be killed of its uselessness. In S.E. Hinton’s The Outsiders, there are three major deaths occurring in the novel: Bob, Johnny, and Dally. Similarly, in John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men, there are also three major deaths of Candy’s dog, Curley’s wife, and Lennie. The Outsiders is a story depicting the life of Ponyboy Curtis, who is struggling to find his place in the world while battling the rival gang, the Socs. Of Mice and Men is a story of two migrant workers, George and Lennie, who are bound together and share the dream of one day owning their own†¦show more content†¦11 Outsiders) As Ponyboy is being drowned by a group of Socs, Johnny takes immediate action and proceeds to stabbing and killing the leader. â€Å"I had to. They were drowning you, Pony. They might have killed you. And they had a blade...they were gonna beat me up†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg. 57 Outsiders) Johnny and Ponyboy flee from town after Johnny commits murder, and Johnny eventually dies because of events happening after the incident. Similarly, Lennie, a mentally disabled character from Of Mice and Men, holds onto his dream of owning and being able to tend his rabbits. When Curley’s wife begins to scream after Lennie pulls on her hair too tightly, Lennie begins to shake her, ultimately breaking her neck. Lennie didn’t mean any harm, he was paranoid that Curley’s wife was trying to get him in trouble, causing him to never be able to tend his rabbits. Consequently, Lennie gets killed by his best friend George while imagining his future farm happily, so he wouldn’t die cruelly at the hands of Curley. Johnny’s reason for murder was more justifiable than Lennie’s; Ponyboy was in eminent danger whereas Lennie wasn’t. However, they both killed someone who they thought would try to make their lives worse. Bob was the leader of the Socs and was thought to spend all his free time beating up Greasers. George had warned Lennie about Curley’s wife, saying that all she does is cause trouble. Both of their deaths represent innocence, even though they both committed murder. Johnny is the

Health Workforce Planning for Kenya Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Health Workforce Planning Kenya. Answer: Introduction The report has various sections which discusses strategic planning process, environmental scanning and some of the recommendations that Kenya, or most of the low income countries can use to make an effective strategic plan process. In addition to that, the report elaborates the steps and process that one can use to come up with a strategic plan process and environmental scan. Moreover, as Kenya is the chosen country to be looked at, looks at some of the health care data that the country registers as far as the health sector is concerned. Moreover, it gives a critical analysis of the data that is presented in the graph and table. Strategic planning process In this progression, organizers distinguish the need for a workforce plan and the reason that enable them to device such a plan of coming up with a workforce plan. In addition to that, the workforce plan that is developed must meet certain criteria in the sense that it has to articulate the reason why such a plan has been developed (Masnick, McDonnell, 2010). In addition to that, a well work force plan must be laid out to determine whether the workforce plan ought to incorporate the whole health care system or it is just part of the part of a scheme to cover few individuals. The first step is not like the other steps as it involves three methods that have correlations between them. On the other hand, the second step is not similar to the first one as it involves those that are in charge in overseeing the implementation of the workforce, especially in looking at the welfare of patients and their decisions. Those that are in charge of coming up with the workforce plan have to make sure that it articulates the advancement of human in relation to health and other social services related to health care such patients finances. In addition to that, the one coming up with the workforce plan have to ensure that it is in a position to factor in the changes that emanates as a result of the implementation of the workforce (Celletti, Holloway, De Cock, Dybul, 2007). Also, advantages and disadvantages that exist and accompany the implementation of the workforce must also be considered in relation to the practice that is in place. Moreover, the other step is to consider the necessary skills that are needed in the implementation of the workforce plan. These ought to selectively select in the sense that those with specialized skills in a particular field will not be shifted to other areas that can raise concerns or rather render the program a complete failure (Adano, 2008). Also, the fact that there exist quite a number of health care employees who register turnover is a factor that needs consideration is the sense that it the plan will factor in the things that makes employees turn away from work instead of retaining their jobs. On the other hand, coming up with a definite number of employees that are deemed fit to sustain the plan is a good idea and forms part of the steps that are involved in coming up with a workforce plan. Thus, needs an endorsement and is another good idea that implementers or that that re in charge in organizing the workforce program needs to look at and make sure that it is put into practice or considered in forming the program (Hart, 2007). Lastly, as changes are constant in every aspect or field. It is therefore crucial that the people at the helm is regards to implementing or rather putting into the practice the workforce plan are carefully chosen to include the changes that may occur in the future. The skills that suit the dynamics in health care ought to be properly put in place and those that fits current labor markets (Nancarrow, Borthwick, 2005). Also, in making out plans, there ought to be a consideration of how future plans will likely work out, this can be in regards to administration. After the arrangement is propelled, intermittent audit and change are basic. To empower this, the arrangement ought to be express about how achievement will be measured. What's more, any unintended outcomes of changes should be recognized with the goal that remedial activities can be taken. Planners likewise need to set up a surveying and observing procedure so they can refresh the arrangement as indicated by the changing workforce needs of the venture or program (Rodger, Hoffman, 2010). It is advantageous to say that, in spite of the fact that the six stages exhibited above are in numerical request, the procedure of workforce arranging is in itself patterned and not straight. As needs be, workforce organizers may wind up returning to past strides as they work through the approach and when new data becomes exposed after the arrangement is executed (Crawford, Summerfelt, Roy, Chen, Meltzer, Thacker, 2009). Process of coming up with an environmental scan approach A top to bottom situational investigation gives the premise to distinguishing key issues and setting program needs. Information gathered is alluded to as optional information since it was gathered by different associations for their motivations, however demonstrates helpful to Extension. In the programming writing, this progression alludes to deciding dissected needs. To direct this progression, province groups were given a County Profile Template to help them in arranging and contrasting their information with figure out what developed as regions of concern (Po, 2014). District groups could gather key information and contrast the circumstance in their region and the state and in addition with neighboring provinces. Those information things where their region was more regrettable off than the state as well as neighboring districts were highlighted for further examination later in the filtering procedure. Then again this progression of the procedure, region groups directed one-on-one meetings or center gatherings to get data from their countywide Advisory Leadership Council, program-particular consultative boards of trustees, and province government authorities. They found out about key partners' need issues (Lawlor, Morgan, Frankel, 2002). This progression recognizes the recommended needs of key partners. These partners are instrumental to the survival of an association and can assume a crucial part in securing support for automatic endeavors This progression is led to permit region groups to get notification from however many nationals as could reasonably be expected. Mapping is a method for isolating the district into sensible portions to include a different gathering of natives speaking to fluctuating conclusions and interests (Alejos, Weingartner, Scharff, Ablah, Frazier, Hawley, Wright, 2008).. It is basic that all portions of the province populace be included, especially bunches that generally may not get the chance to give their bits of knowledge and have their requirements reflected in necessities appraisal forms. Area groups were given devices to recognizing and surveying resources of people and associations in view of the work. This appraisal filled in as an approach to recognize undiscovered individual abilities and gifts, and also offices or associations that are as of now tending to some part of the issue. Basically, this progression makes groups a piece of the arrangement as they join forces with Extension to address their own particular issues utilizing different group resources combined with the aptitude and assets from Extension (Van Greuningen, Batenburg, and Van der Velden, 20120). Issues getting the most astounding need were those that were reliably esteemed as most vital by the great many people. Among the need issues, those accepting top need were those that were direr in nature. To a lesser degree, different contemplations were made in the prioritization procedure, for example, those for which group resources can be assembled (Nyoni, Gbary, 2008). Region groups must create program procedures to address the need issues in a far reaching and all-encompassing way. Findings from policy and planning of the relevant document and recommendations There are things that the country needs to consider before coming up with either a strategic plan. Firstly, the government and in this case Kenya need to come up with a policy that will highlight some of the problem that faces a country or that which involves healthcare (Rodger, Hoffman, 2010). To start with, the policy must be one that takes into consideration labor market and the need to ensure that there are no health care professionals that are out without a job, while the country is of dire need of health care services. In addition to that, low income countries have been on the spot in not embracing or promoting gender equality and rights in health care. A good plan is one that is able to include women both in medical in the health care workforce especially during the recruitment of health care workers. In addition to that, there ought not to be gender biases during employment or promotion of health care officials (Nyoni, Gbary, Awases, Ndecki, Chatora, 2014). In Kenya, still, the ratio of males to women in health care is high making it necessary for that bridge to be lowered to represent gender equity. Kenya has several medical training and education of higher learning that train doctors, nurses and other health care professional. In addition to that, the country has a one year internship program that aims at making sure that that the medics they produce are well trained and competent for the job market. In that line, a workforce plan must be one that promote lifelong training and which produces competent health care professionals. Moreover, with the advancement in technology, it is penetrating the health care sector at an alarming rate. Technology faster communication, increases efficiency of tasks and reduces human errors. Thus, there is also need for a future plans to be in line with the use of modern technology which will not only be useful to health care professionals, but also to customers who can now be able to access medical services in a more efficient manner (Bloor, K., Maynard, Hall, Ulmann, Farhauer, Lindgren, 2003). For instance, opening a portal for patients to book appointments for treatment, consultations or medical checkup. Conclusion In a low income countries, developing a workforce plan is essential and needs inclusion of an environmental Scan approach in coming up with such a plan. There are various as steps that are involved in coming up with a workforce plan or planning for the same. Firstly, one has to come up with a workforce plan. In addition to that, the next step involves mapping service change. This will be followed with understanding the availability of the workforce that is required and coming and then coming up with a plan. Lastly, one has to monitor the implementation of the plan. In Kenya, is the chosen country for this report, environmental scan approach is essential before coming up with a plan. It also entails various steps. In analyzing Kenya as a country of low income, there are various findings that one can deduce from them in regards and form recommendations to that effect which will act as a guiding tool for their program. References World Health Organization. (2006). The world health report: 2006: working together for health. Masnick, K., McDonnell, G. (2010). A model linking clinical workforce skill mix planning to health and health care dynamics.Human Resources for Health,8(1), 11. Collins, S. K., Collins, K. S. (2007). Changing workforce demographics necessitates succession planning in health care.The health care manager,26(4), 318-325. Bloor, K., Maynard, A., Hall, J., Ulmann, P., Farhauer, O., Lindgren, B. (2003).Planning human resources in health care: towards an economic approach: an international comparative review. Canadian Health Services Research Foundation= Fondation canadienne de la recherche sur les Services de sant. Hart, K. A. (2007). The aging workforce: Implications for health care organizations.Nursing Economics,25(2), 101. Nancarrow, S. A., Borthwick, A. M. (2005). Dynamic professional boundaries in the healthcare workforce.Sociology of health illness,27(7), 897-919. Rodger, S., J. Hoffman, S. (2010). Where in the world is interprofessional education? A global environmental scan.Journal of Interprofessional Care,24(5), 479-491. Crawford, C. A. G., Summerfelt, W. T., Roy, K., Chen, Z. A., Meltzer, D. O., Thacker, S. B. (2009). Perspectives on public health workforce research.Journal of Public Health Management and Practice,15(6), S5-S15. Celletti, F., Holloway, J., De Cock, K. M., Dybul, M. (2007). Rapid expansion of the health workforce in response to the HIV epidemic.The New England journal of medicine,357(24), 2510. Adano, U. (2008). The health worker recruitment and deployment process in Kenya: an emergency hiring program.Human Resources for Health,6(1), 19. World Health Organization. (2007). Task shifting: rational redistribution of tasks among health workforce teams: global recommendations and guidelines. Emmerichs, R. M., Marcum, C. Y., Robbert, A. A. (2014). An Operational Process for Working Force Planning. Al-Sawai, A., Al-Shishtawy, M. M. (2015). Health Workforce Planning: An overview and suggested approach in Oman.Sultan Qaboos University medical journal,15(1), e27. Po, T. (2014). Getting it Right: A workforce planning approach. Lawlor, D. A., Morgan, K., Frankel, S. (2002). Caring for the health of the public: cross sectional study of the activities of UK public health departments.Public health,116(2), 102-105. Alejos, A., Weingartner, A., Scharff, D. P., Ablah, E., Frazier, L., Hawley, S. R., ... Wright, K. S. (2008). Ensuring the success of local public health workforce assessments: using a participatory-based research approach with a rural population.Public health,122(12), 1447-1455. Van Greuningen, M., Batenburg, R.S. and Van der Velden, L.F., 2012. Ten years of health workforce planning in the Netherlands: a tentative evaluation of GP planning as an example.Human Resources for Health,10(1), p.21. Tomblin Murphy, G., MacKenzie, A., Alder, R., Birch, S., Kephart, G., O'Brien-Pallas, L. (2009). An applied simulation model for estimating the supply of and requirements for registered nurses based on population health needs.Policy, Politics, Nursing Practice,10(4), 240-251. Nyoni, J., Gbary, A. (2008).Policies and plans for human resources for health: guidelines for countries in the WHO African region. WHO Regional Office for Africa. Nyoni, J., Gbary, A., Awases, M., Ndecki, P., Chatora, R. (2014). World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa. Policies and Plans for Human Resources for Health: Guidelines for countries in the WHO African region.

Significance of a Male Role Model for Forming Tomas and Gabes Personal

Identity in Brian Ascalon Roley’s American Son Filipinos migrate to the United States in order to become closer to the better life, to realise their dreams, and receive the chance to change their reality. In fact, Filipinos become the victims of the racial discrimination and begin to suffer from the impossibility to determine their national and cultural identity. From this point, those children who are born in multicultural families also begin to suffer from inability to find the right place in the society where people are not ready to discuss them as the real Americans.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Significance of a Male Role Model for Forming Tomas and Gabe’s Personal specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Furthermore, the problem of identity and transnationalism is often associated with a range of other problems typical for teenagers and young adults. Tomas and Gabe are the protagonists of Brian Asc alon Roley’s American Son. These young men experience the difficulties of being the children of the American father and Filipino mother while living in the USA and observing the other Americans’ making their dreams real. The situation is complicated with the fact that boys are brought up without their father. Thus, Tomas and Gabe have no opportunities to orient to the male role model developed in the family because those behaviour patterns which they remember as typical for their father are rather violent and racist, and as a result, boys have the erroneous vision of masculinity. It is possible to pay attention to Tomas and Gabe’s visions of masculinity referring to the ideas developed by Tomas in relation to the question, to the opinion which is characteristic for Gabe, and to the male role model which is typical for the behaviour and attitudes of the boys’ father. On the one hand, the image of Tomas can be discussed as the embodiment of masculinity beca use of his appearance. Thus, the young man’s muscles are covered with â€Å"gangster tattoos†, his head is â€Å"shaved down to stubble†, and moreover, Tomas is â€Å"really half white, half Filipino but dresses like a Mexican† (Roley 15). On the other hand, the brutal behaviour of Tomas and his attitude toward his relatives and other people cannot be considered as the embodiment of the real masculinity. Tomas is inclined to misinterpret the notion of masculinity and act as a cruel man. The actions of Tomas can be explained from the point of his desire to determine his role in the society which is rather holistic in relation to the minorities. Moreover, brutality is the only behaviour pattern which is associated with the boys’ father. Tomas as the elder brother should become the main man in the family. That is why, Gabe is affected significantly by the particular features of the elder brother’s influence (Roley 18). Later, Gabe even reflects the peculiarities of the young man’s behaviour in spite of the previous disapproval of the position supported by Tomas.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In spite of the fact that the life conditions and environments are the same in relation to both brothers, Gabe grows as a quiet boy who does not want to create new problems for his mother because she has to bring up two boys without the help of her husband. However, Gabe also has no correct vision of masculinity. Gabe is inclined to act under the influence of his brother Tomas, and his image becomes the embodiment of masculinity for Gabe in spite of all his attempts to reject these behaviour patterns. Gabe experiences brutality, hostility, and discrimination almost in all the spheres of his life. From this perspective, the absence of the male role model and the racial issues make the young man find his own identity and pla ce within the American society. The particular features of the family relations and the problematic racial questions affect Gabe’s vision of masculinity which becomes the reflection of the visions which are characteristic for Tomas. Tomas and Gabe are brought up by the Filipino woman, but they do not want their peers to see her communicating with the boys. The problem is in the boys’ perception of their identity and ethnicity. Nevertheless, the problem is also in the vision of the role of woman in the house and in society. This vision is the heritage of observing the definite male role model used by the boys’ father. Gabe describes the situation when â€Å"dad stood over her making fun of Filipinos and her family and looked as if he was about to hit her, and my brother dragged him outside and tossed him onto the acorn† (Roley 24). Tomas and Gabe cannot define masculinity correctly because even those insignificant details remembered about the attitudes of the father toward the Filipinos and women cannot provide the boys with the examples of the behaviour which should be characteristic for the real man. As a result, Tomas and Gabe experience a lot of difficulties, trying to find their place in the American society. These young men are not ready to adopt their ethnicity, and they are inclined to feel shame because of their mother Asian ethnicity (Roley 24). Furthermore, Tomas and Gabe have no male role model to help them to survive in the world full of ill-wishers. The only way to survive in this society is to act brutally and reveal the masculinity with references to violent actions. That is why, Gabe is inclined to follow the life of violence because this model is more familiar for him depending on the experience of his father and brother. The inability of many Filipinos as any other migrants to build the life of their dream within the American society makes them feel frustrated, especially in comparison with the more successful repr esentatives of the American majority. Thus, aggression becomes the only way to demonstrate the people’s dissatisfaction regarding the situation.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Significance of a Male Role Model for Forming Tomas and Gabe’s Personal specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In Brian Ascalon Roley’s American Son, Tomas and Gabe have no opportunity to reflect the male role model of their father because the boys are not brought by the man. That is why, boys are unable to create their vision of masculinity which can be based on the positive examples of their father behaviours. As a result, Tomas and Gabe develop their vision of masculinity with references to the realities of the American society which is rather unfriendly and even hostile toward Filipinos. Thus, Tomas is inclined to mask his problems choosing brutality and referring to the ‘gangster’ image, and Gabe intends t o hide his difficulties with identity using the advantages of the non-Asian appearance. The young men’ behaviours cannot be discussed as the reflection or embodiment of masculinity, but they are affected by the absence of the father in the boys’ life. Works Cited Roley, Brian Ascalon. American Son. USA: W. W. Norton Company, 2001. Print. This essay on Significance of a Male Role Model for Forming Tomas and Gabe’s Personal was written and submitted by user Jay R. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.